{"id":712,"date":"2025-11-14T18:19:20","date_gmt":"2025-11-14T18:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/riseofmilitarywomen.vt.domains\/?p=712"},"modified":"2025-11-14T18:19:35","modified_gmt":"2025-11-14T18:19:35","slug":"women-admitted-into-military-academies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/riseofmilitarywomen.vt.domains\/index.php\/women-admitted-into-military-academies\/","title":{"rendered":"Women Admitted into Military Academies (1975)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
(1975)_Women Admitted into Military Academies.docx<\/a>Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Background<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1975<\/strong>. On October 7, 1975, President Gerald R. Ford signed Public Law 94-106 (89 Stat. 531)<\/a>. The law allowed women to be admitted to the all-male military colleges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1976<\/strong>. On July 7, 1976, 119 women became the first women to join the Corps of Cadets at the United States Military Academy at West Point. Sixty-two later graduated in 1980, becoming second lieutenants in the Army.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Primary Legal Documents<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Public Law 94-106, 89 Stat. 531 (1975). https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/94\/statute\/STATUTE-89\/STATUTE-89-Pg531.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 U.S.C. \u00a7 4342 (1975): United States Military Academy admissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 U.S.C. \u00a7 6954 (1975): United States Naval Academy admissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 U.S.C. \u00a7 9342 (1975): United States Air Force Academy admissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Congressional Documents<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Congressional Record<\/em>, 121, 94th Cong., 1st Sess. (1975). House debate and vote (303-96) on Stratton Amendment to admit women to military service academies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Congressional Record<\/em>, 121, 94th Cong., 1st Sess. (1975). Senate passage of Hathaway Amendment (voice vote).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Academic and Scholarly Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Murnane, K. A. (2006). Legal impediments to service: Women in the military and the rule of law. Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 14<\/em>, 1061-1109. https:\/\/scholarship.law.duke.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1134&context=djglp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Books<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Barkalow, C., & Raab, A. (1990). In the Men’s House: An inside account of life in the Army by one of West Point’s first female graduates<\/em>. Poseidon Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gelfand, H. M., & McCain, J. (2006). Sea change at Annapolis: The United States Naval Academy, 1949-2000<\/em> (1st edition). The University of North Carolina Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5149\/9780807877470_gelfand<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stiehm, J. H. (1981). Bring me men and women: Mandated change at the U.S. Air Force Academy<\/em>. University of California Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525\/9780520342088<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stiehm, J. H. (Ed.). (1996). It’s our military, too!: Women and the U.S. military<\/em>. Temple University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Galloway, K. B., & Johnson, R. B. (1973). West Point: America’s power fraternity<\/em>. Simon & Schuster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambrose, S. E., & Barber, J. A., Jr. (1972). The military and American society<\/em>. Free Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scholarly Articles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bradley, M. (2019). Congress votes to admit women to the Armed Services Academies. In Human Rights: 1969-1983<\/em> (pp. 1093\u20131096).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Journalistic and News Sources<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

National Museum of the United States Army. (2020, June 1). Forty years have passed since the first women graduated from West Point in the class of 1980. Army.mil<\/em>. https:\/\/www.army.mil\/article\/235994\/forty_years_have_passed_since_the_first_women_graduated_from_west_point_in_the_class_of_1980<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rosenberg, J. (2020, May 28). Today in feminist history: Women graduate from elite military academies (May 28, 1980). Ms. Magazine<\/em>. https:\/\/msmagazine.com\/2020\/05\/28\/today-in-feminist-history-women-graduate-from-elite-military-academies-may-28-1980\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Smith, D. (2020, October 13). First women to graduate from U.S. military colleges. ShareAmerica<\/em>. https:\/\/archive-share.america.gov\/first-women-to-graduate-from-u-s-military-colleges\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The National Museum of the United States Army. (n.d.). The first class of women at West Point. https:\/\/www.thenmusa.org\/articles\/first-class-of-women-at-west-point\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wounded Warrior Project. (2021, March 23). Women find their place at military academies. https:\/\/newsroom.woundedwarriorproject.org\/Women-Find-Their-Place-at-Military-Academies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wounded Warrior Project. (2021, March 15). Women in the military: Through the decades. https:\/\/newsroom.woundedwarriorproject.org\/Women-in-the-Military-Through-the-Decades<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Audacy. (2020, November 18). Women in the military academies: 40 years later. Connecting Vets<\/em>. https:\/\/www.audacy.com\/connectingvets\/articles\/military\/women-in-the-military-academies-40-years-later<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Annenberg Classroom. (2018, December 17). U.S. military academies open admissions to women. https:\/\/www.annenbergclassroom.org\/timeline_event\/u-s-military-academies-open-admissions-women\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We Are The Mighty. (2023, June 27). Today in military history: Women inducted into US Naval Academy. https:\/\/www.wearethemighty.com\/articles\/today-in-military-history-women-inducted-into-us-naval-academy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Government Archives and Digital Collections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

U.S. Government Publishing Office. (2022, March 9). 45th anniversary of women admitted to West Point. GovInfo<\/em>. https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/features\/anniversary-women-west-point<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Archives at Denver. (2024, September 27). U.S. Air Force Academy ready to accept women, October 8, 1975. https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/denver\/highlights\/usafa-accepts-women<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

National Archives. Records of the United States Military Academy [USMA], Record Group 404. Air Force Historical Foundation. (2022, September 15). October 7, 1975 [President Ford signs legislation]. https:\/\/www.afhistory.org\/october-7-1975\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Background 1975. On October 7, 1975, President Gerald R. Ford signed Public Law 94-106 (89 Stat. 531). The law allowed women to be admitted to the all-male military colleges. 1976. On July 7, 1976, 119 women became the first women to join the Corps of Cadets at the United States Military Academy at West Point. Sixty-two […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[16],"class_list":["post-712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-education"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/riseofmilitarywomen.vt.domains\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/712","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/riseofmilitarywomen.vt.domains\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/riseofmilitarywomen.vt.domains\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riseofmilitarywomen.vt.domains\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riseofmilitarywomen.vt.domains\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=712"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/riseofmilitarywomen.vt.domains\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/712\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":714,"href":"https:\/\/riseofmilitarywomen.vt.domains\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/712\/revisions\/714"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/riseofmilitarywomen.vt.domains\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=712"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riseofmilitarywomen.vt.domains\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=712"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riseofmilitarywomen.vt.domains\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=712"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}